INTRODUCTION.
The
name Langkawi is a combination of "Lang" and "Kawi".
"Lang" and is taken from the Malay word that eagle and that used by
Hindu-Javanese society and "Kiwi" refers to kiwi stone were many on
the island of Langkawi. In ancient times the island of Langkawi is a small
island located north of the Straits of Malacca in the southern Andaman Sea near
the border between Malaysia and Thailand. Because the island is never explored
by anyone else, the Malaysian government has taken steps to maintain and
preserve the natural flora and fauna. After 1987, the Malaysian government has
taken steps and declared a tax-free zone and also develop destinations such as
the world's leading travel. Many provisions given by the government for the
sustainable economic development on the island of Langkawi and benefits to the
local population. The rapid expansion in the Langkawi due to the government
investor-friendly policies, the provision of quality infrastructure in addition
to its wealth of natural resources and cultural heritage potential residents to
become a world-class tourist destination.
1) FACTOR TOURIST COME TO LANGKAWI.
Langkawi
islands is known after the idea was brought by Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad of
world-class organization like the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace
(LIMA), The Royal Langkawi International Regatta, The Ironman Langkawi
International Triathlon and the Le Tour de Langkawi. This activity has opened
up many investors or tourists to see the exhibition in the month of March on
the island of Langkawi. Tourist destination in Langkawi was comparable to
Phuket, in Thailand and Bali in Indonesia. (Mohamad Zaki Ahmad
& Johan Afendi Ibrahim, 2011). Langkawi Development
Authority and the National University of Malaysia has worked through a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) since 1996. Geologists confirm geological and
superior County is unique and has a high heritage value. , Langkawi Development
Authority and the National University of Malaysia agreed to highlight the
UNESCO Global Geopark Langkawi for academic purposes and are confident of its
potential to attract tourists. Therefore, on May 31, 2006, Langkawi was given
the status of a 'Geopark', which aims to attract more tourists to go to
Langkawi.
In 2005, tourism activity is a
significant contributor to the national income and the third important it is
recognized by the government as an industry get huge revenue to the state. In
2011, the total income of the Malaysian tourism industry is RM21.4 billion. (Mohd Samsudin & Sulong Mohamad, 2013) The increase
in the number of tourists to Langkawi for a wide array of amenities available
to travelers such as by air plane and ferry ride by sea. Beauty beaches found
on the island of Langkawi is a major attraction to tourists either overseas or
abroad. Some examples of the island and an attractive area for tourists are
available at Langkawi like Burnt Rice, Melaka, Black Sand Beach, Seven Wells,
Pulau Dayang Bunting and Makam Mahsuri in Ulu Melaka. For Pantai Cenang and
Pantai Tengah it is a recently opened to tourists to meet during school holiday
activities. This is the one economy concept for tourist demand in Langkawi
Island.
2) ADMISSION
OF RATE TOURIST COMES TO LANGKAWI.
|
MONTH
|
JETTY
|
CRUISE
|
YACHT (KUAH
& TELAGA HARBOR PARK)
|
AIRPORT
|
|
LANGKAWI
PORT
|
TOTAL
|
CHANGES
|
||||||||||||||||
|
DOMESTIC (K.KEDAH, K.PERLIS, PENANG)
|
INTERNATIONAL (SATUN & KOH
LIPE)
|
DOMESTIC (KUL, PEN, SZB, KBR)
|
INTERNATIONAL
|
|
CAR
PASSENGER FERRY
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
2015
|
2016
|
%
|
|
|
JANUARY
|
130,632
|
238,136
|
82.3%
|
15,889
|
17,378
|
9.4%
|
25,973
|
4,790
|
-81.6%
|
860
|
738
|
-14.2%
|
85,254
|
97,460
|
14.3%
|
5,931
|
7,903
|
33.2%
|
2,536
|
3,773
|
48.8%
|
267,075
|
370,178
|
38.6%
|
|
FEBRUARY
|
176,853
|
162,979
|
-7.8%
|
16,038
|
15,247
|
-4.9%
|
22,312
|
4,892
|
-78.1%
|
788
|
748
|
-5.1%
|
83,907
|
92,838
|
10.6%
|
7,659
|
11,208
|
46.3%
|
3,990
|
6,259
|
56.9%
|
311,547
|
294,171
|
-5.6%
|
|
MARCH
|
191,990
|
171,969
|
-10.4%
|
18,667
|
17,016
|
-8.8%
|
8,642
|
739
|
-91.4%
|
858
|
676
|
-21.2%
|
92,630
|
98,613
|
6.5%
|
6,569
|
10,077
|
53.4%
|
5,278
|
5,863
|
11.1%
|
324,634
|
304,953
|
-6.1%
|
|
APRIL
|
134,346
|
152,195
|
13.3%
|
20,552
|
17,530
|
-14.7%
|
5,268
|
13,903
|
163.9%
|
723
|
653
|
-9.7%
|
81,869
|
90,781
|
10.9%
|
6,654
|
8,672
|
30.3%
|
2,338
|
3,766
|
61.1%
|
251,750
|
287,500
|
14.2%
|
|
MAY
|
181,322
|
162,875
|
-10.2%
|
12,732
|
11,910
|
-6.5%
|
11,615
|
6,317
|
-45.6%
|
401
|
331
|
-17.5%
|
83,321
|
93,758
|
12.5%
|
6,094
|
8,351
|
37.0%
|
3,675
|
4,954
|
34.8%
|
299,160
|
288,496
|
-3.6%
|
|
JUNE
|
154,601
|
100,493
|
-35.0%
|
5,940
|
4,640
|
-21.9%
|
8,826
|
977
|
-88.9%
|
181
|
358
|
97.8%
|
74,281
|
65,596
|
-11.7%
|
7,055
|
9,312
|
32.0%
|
4,565
|
3,734
|
-18.2%
|
255,449
|
185,110
|
-27.5%
|
|
JULY
|
115,568
|
159,868
|
38.3%
|
3,963
|
7,413
|
87.1%
|
5,407
|
628
|
-88.4%
|
159
|
149
|
-6.3%
|
88,606
|
108,660
|
22.6%
|
8,433
|
11,486
|
36.2%
|
4,779
|
6,302
|
31.9%
|
226,915
|
294,506
|
29.8%
|
|
AUGUST
|
155,034
|
137,628
|
-11.2%
|
6,100
|
5,490
|
-10.0%
|
6,256
|
4,530
|
-27.6%
|
147
|
187
|
27.2%
|
97,876
|
113,530
|
16.0%
|
8,615
|
12,209
|
41.7%
|
2,473
|
3,000
|
21.3%
|
276,501
|
276,574
|
0.03%
|
|
SEPTEMBER
|
137,255
|
174,129
|
26.9%
|
4,910
|
12,426
|
153.1%
|
12,429
|
517
|
-95.8%
|
209
|
151
|
-27.8%
|
87,728
|
97,005
|
10.6%
|
6,804
|
10,437
|
53.4%
|
4,423
|
7,002
|
58.3%
|
253,758
|
301,667
|
18.9%
|
|
OCTOBER
|
183,247
|
160,733
|
-12.3%
|
8,353
|
7,301
|
-12.6%
|
14,186
|
644
|
-95.5%
|
287
|
279
|
-2.8%
|
76,920
|
93,022
|
20.9%
|
6,113
|
8,823
|
44.3%
|
3,232
|
4,311
|
33.4%
|
292,338
|
275,113
|
-5.9%
|
|
NOVEMBER
|
178,679
|
169,539
|
-5.1%
|
15,030
|
8,159
|
-45.7%
|
39,967
|
3,735
|
-90.7%
|
445
|
402
|
-9.7%
|
88,211
|
100,100
|
13.5%
|
7,430
|
9,522
|
28.2%
|
6,974
|
5,915
|
-15.2%
|
336,736
|
297,372
|
-11.7%
|
|
DECEMBER
|
327,397
|
287,027
|
-12.3%
|
26,915
|
11,111
|
-58.7%
|
36,140
|
16,129
|
-55.4%
|
550
|
598
|
8.7%
|
114,835
|
120,550
|
5.0%
|
8,463
|
11,515
|
36.1%
|
13,986
|
11,947
|
-14.6%
|
528,286
|
458,877
|
-13.1%
|
|
GRAND TOTAL
|
2,066,924
|
2,077,571
|
0.5%
|
155,089
|
135,621
|
-12.6%
|
197,021
|
57,801
|
-70.7%
|
5,608
|
5,270
|
-6.0%
|
1,055,438
|
1,171,913
|
11.0%
|
85,820
|
119,515
|
39.3%
|
58,249
|
66,826
|
14.7%
|
3,624,149
|
3,634,517
|
0.3%
|
|
|
JABATAN LAUT
|
IMIGRESEN
|
MAHB (ARRIVAL SAHAJA)
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
Jabatan Laut international + Imigresen (Harbour park - k.lipe)
|
Tanjung
Lembung
(CREW + PASSENGER)
|
Yatch
(Telaga Habour) + Jetty Kuah
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Sources:
Official web site development board Langkawi.
In
terms of incoming tourists to Langkawi, it recorded a total of 2,066,924
domestic tourists in 2015 and rising to 2,077,571 in 2016. The significant
changes in the tourism industry in Langkawi are the best places to be visited
by the local people see the beautiful nature. Domestic tourists accounted for
3,379,381 of the total for the year 2016 by riding yachts, cruise ships, planes
to get to the island of Langkawi. Admission of domestic tourists coming to
Langkawi where they are concentrated on weekends, public holidays and school
holidays. They took the children on weekends to spend time together. For
overseas tourists they're also taking a longer time, namely more than 1 month
to see all the beauty of the island. Since its inception in 'Geopark' in 2006,
tourist can see a variety of wildlife and plant biodiversity of flora and
fauna, whether at sea or on land that has been around since 550 years ago.
Historic area in Langkawi is also a lot of tourists present on the limestone
that is unique and beautiful in the world. History of Langkawi island also here
is the place to be the origin of Earth's history occurred in Malaysia and
Southeast Asia. It is not surprising that the arrival of domestic and overseas
tourists increased dramatically since it was introduced by the Province of
Unesco's Global Park.
Statistics
tourists have found a total of 3,363,271 tourists visited the Island in 2015. A
total of 2,222,013 people have visited the Island by sea compared to a total of
1,141,258 tourists go by airport. So tourists prefer to take the route by the
sea to reach at Langkawi. The main mode of transport in the sea lanes should be
more systematic. Therefore, there are over 9 operators Ferry categories provide
services to tourists to Pulau Langkawi which operate from the jetty Kuala
Perlis to Langkawi namely the United Langkawi Ferry Service, Hong Lee Ferry
Service, Samavest Ferry, United Ferry Ventures, Rowest Ferry, Sun Power Ferries
and happy Express ferry . While from Kuala Kedah to Langkawi Jetty by four
companies active ferry operators, namely:
United Ferry Ventures, JMV Ferry Service and Hong Lee Ferry Service. (Nizamuddin Zainuddin, 2006). Nowdays,
there are three major routes travel Langkawi ferry services, namely Kuala
Perlis-Langkawi-Kuala Kedah. After the island have declared a duty-free island,
there was another way to passenger go Langkawi by ferry at Penang.
Therefore,
the arrival of tourists to Langkawi influenced also by an efficient transport
system to connect to a tourist destination. In addition to affordable prices,
they can do a variety of activities such as those found on the island or see
the natural habitat of animals in the forest. This increase can also help local
communities to increase their employment services in various fields that help
improve the County as a place of international travel. Exhibition held globally
each year can add another prestigious events that will enhance group of
tourists to visit Langkawi. From the below we can see how the Langkawi Island
work to pull the influx of tourists
come to Langkawi with use a many facilities like ferry or yacht to arrive at
Langkawi island.
3) IMPORTANCE DUE TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
IN LANGKAWI TOURIST ARRIVALS.
After the influx of tourists to
Langkawi is increased in the vicinity of the environment also have changed.
From 1970, Langkawi was developed bit by bit to improve the quality of
facilities to tourists from domestic or overseas. Among the places that have
been upgraded as Jetty Gua Kelawar, Jetty Kilim, restaurants, Ayer Hangat
Village and surrounding roads were also upgraded to facilitate the tourists to
move from one place to another.
Langkawi
Development in tourist arrivals due to lead to the construction of
international hotels, chalets, resorts and other facilities that provide job
opportunities to locals in Langkawi. The change affects the progress of the
development of the tourism industry has provided the physical and
socio-economic transformation. Local communities who live in the island also
experienced a change of life for low-income traditional with the modern to life
with high income levels. Most of the people working in the hotel sector, tour
guides, taxi boats for activities 'island hopping', to open a seafood
restaurant, selling traditional medicines, sales in shopping complex, agency
staff ferry, opened a travel agency, a business vehicle rental and other.
(Johan
Afendi Ibrahim & Mohamad Zaki Ahmad, 2009)
The
rapid expansion has opened the eyes of the investors to invest because they
believe the industry will grow rapidly in Langkawi. This can be seen with the
construction of an international standard hotel. In addition, for 2013 the
investment project is divided into six activities including hotels, resorts and
villas, agriculture and fisheries, housing and others that involve much RM 7.01
Billion overall. As such a high number is certainly the situation in the
environment will change drastically over time. The poverty rate also in the
local area has declined because many business activities that can be done in
addition to providing services to tourists for example be a guide for tourists
to see the beauty of nature in the area. Products and Travel Lodge also popular
among tourists from abroad to buy.
The
changes in Langkawi as a modern tourist destination in the present growth to a
sustainable economy. This change is very important because a positive impact on
the country. Continuous improvement to ensure the nation's economy to continue
to increase on a par with other Asian countries such as Indonesia and Thailand.
Service in terms of transport and communication will also increase ahead.
4) EFFECT FOR TOURIST AND ECONOMY AT
ISLAND LANGKAWI AND APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN MALAYSIA.
i)
Physical changes.
Langkawi
tourism industry has led to the use of the landfill on the island. Most of the
reclaimed lands to expand the area for developing residential, resort and
hotel. Provision of infrastructure and roads are also used. Surface soil and
landscape on the island has changed significantly but still maintain the
characteristics of natural origin to attract the attention of tourist.
ii)
Pollution and destruction at Langkawi.
Removal
of toxic waste has resulted in the destruction of the coral reefs and the clear
water of Langkawi. Oil spills also is one of the factors that make pollution
worse. Ship or ferry from the jetty to the harbor caused a noisy environment to
local residents. When tourist do not care in terms of keeping the quality as
they dared to throw garbage everywhere regardless of the impact in the future.
Therefore there is a case where the Marine Parks Department has closed the
Pulau Payar Marine Park because they want to care the environment from
contaminated for influx of tourists in 2010. This is a step to address the
problem from spreading. So the rate of influx of tourists at Pulau Payar Marine
Park has been capped as many as 200 people a day.
CONCLUSION.
Each
year the City has been famous of many foreign tourists including Africa,
America, ASEAN, East Asia, South Asia, Oceania. West Asia and Europe. (Lembaga pembangunan Langkawi, 2013). All
of these traveler have an opportunity to LADA, which was corporatized under an
Act of Parliament for the development of the island and developed it into an
international tourist destination. Accordingly, the government will be able to
develop the economy in the area around the island of Langkawi. This will enable
take the faster action to promote the name of the Malaysia to the world because
of the Island Langkawi. The Domestic economy also will rise because many
foreign tourists visited Malaysia to see an event of international standing and
looking at nature that surround the island of Langkawi.
REFERENCE.
Johan Afendi Ibrahim & Mohamad Zaki Ahmad.
(2009), Program homestay
pemangkin pertumbuhan ekonomi luar
bandar, kajian kes : Negeri-negeri
utara semenanjung Malaysia. Jilid 2,
Muka surat 238-239.
Lembaga pembangunan Langkawi (2013) Laporan
tahunan 2013. Retrieved
from
https://www.lada.gov.my.
Mohd Samsudin
& Sulong Mohamad (2013), Pengaruh Warisan Sejarah dalam
Industri
Pelancongan Langkawi. Jilid 1, Muka surat 103-105.
Mohamad Zaki Ahmad & Johan Afendi Ibrahim
(2011) Pelancongan Langkawi
1987
- 2010: Pencapaian dan Cabaran Masa Depan. Jilid 2, muka surat 603-615.
Nizamuddin Zainuddin, Omar Hamdan, Zahari
Mohamed, Fadlil Mohd Husin,
Norita Deraman (2006), kesan faktor demografik
penumpang terhadap
kualiti perkhidmatan feri ke Langkawi, Jilid
4, Muka surat 72.
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